Temporal Stability of Grazed Grassland Ecosystems Alters Response to Climate Variability, While Resistance Stability Remains Unchanged

Environmental change is a crucial driver shaping grassland biodiversity and stability. Both environmental stability contain multiple dimensions. Nonetheless, few studies examined dimensions of in response to change, especially under the combined effects climatic variability grazing intensity. Here, we conducted 7-year field sheep experiment, evaluated impacts intensity (GI) climate (temperature precipitation variability) on plant community diversity productivity multi-dimensional using linear structural equation models. Our results show that increasing significantly decreased temporal but did not affect resistance Compared with non-grazing (NG) treatment, reduced by 35.78%. The decline primarily attributed grazing-induced reduction evenness weakening species asynchrony, which turn impairs insurance effects. insignificant was trade-off between interspecific competition direct negative Furthermore, temperature exacerbate mitigate (negative) (positive), respectively. Overall, mainly influenced GI, while affected GI. findings highlight importance considering disturbance. Different may respond differently Multiple disturbances also interact synergistically or antagonistically